1.
Effect Of Zinc Oxide Nano-Particles On Histological Features Of Pancreas, Liver And Kidney In Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
by Nihar Ali (2014-VA-538) | Dr.Hafsa Zaneb | Dr.Saima Masood | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disorder, is considered one of the top five causes of death globally, affecting as many as 150 million people worldwide. In diabetic subjects, use of zinc oxide nano-particles (ZnONPs) leads to reduction in blood glucose level and higher expression of insulin receptors. However, the structural changes introduced by them in pancreas, liver and kidney of diabetic rats are largely undocumented. The current study, therefore, was designed to report the modifications effectuated in the histomorphometry of the above- mentioned organs of diabetic rats through oral use of ZnONPs.
The study included 25 Wistar rats, housed in stainless steel cages in the animal shed. The rats were kept in environmentally controlled room with temperature of 24 ± 5 ºC, under a 12 h light: 12 h dark cycle and provided free access to water and food. The rats were divided into five groups. Diabetes was induced by injection of alloxan in four groups, leaving one group as negative control. The treatment of ZnONPs was mixed in the feed of three diabetic groups at 15mg/kg, 25mg/kg and 50mg/kg respectively doses for 15 days. At the termination of the trial, pancreas, liver and kidney were dissected out, fixed and processed for histomorphometry. Diameter and density of pancreatic islets of Langerhans, number and diameter of alpha, beta cells, renal cortex width, glomerular diameter, proximal and distal convoluted tubules diameter, wall to lumen thickness ratio of proximal and distal convoluted tubules, Bowman’s capsule basement membrane thickness, central vein diameter of liver, width of hepatocyte cords and Kupffer cells count was studied.
The morphometric results showed that size of pancreatic islets of Langerhans, diameter and number of beta cells per islet was lower (p<0.05) in positive control group and ZnONPs treated groups G1, G2, and G3 than in negative control group. There was no significant difference of islet size, diameter and number of beta cells between G1, G2, G3 groups and positive control group. Histomorphometric evaluation of alpha cells showed that alpha cells count and diameter remained the same in all groups. Pancreatic islet density was similar among all groups.
Glomerular diameter in control positive group was similar (p>0.05) to control negative group. Glomerular diameter increased (p>0.05) in ZnONPs treated groups (G1, G2, G3) as compared to both control groups. The cortex width decreased (p<0.05) in positive control group as compared to negative control, increased (p>0.05) in ZnONPs treated groups (G1, G2, G3) as compared to both control groups. The cortex width decreased (p<0.05) in positive control group as compared to negative control group Following treatment with ZnONPs, thickness increased (p<0.05) in G2 and G3 groups compared to positive control group but was similar to that of negative control group. Proximal convoluted tubule diameter increased (p<0.05) in ZnONPs treated groups as compared to both control groups. The distal convoluted tubules diameter increased in G1, G2 and G3 groups as compared to control groups. Wall to lumen ratio of distal tubules showed no significant difference among groups. Bowman’s capsule basement membrane thickness significantly increased in the positive control group and G1, G2 and G3 groups as compared to negative control group.
Central vein diameter of liver increased (p<0.05) in positive control group as compared to negative control group, while it was found similar between G1, G2 and G3 groups and positive control group. The hepatocyte cords width increased in positive control group as compared to negative control group. In G1, G2, and G3 groups, the hepatocyte cords width was smaller (p<0.05) than in control positive group. The number of Kupffer cells significantly increased in positive control group as compared to negative control group. The Kupffer cell count was lower (p<0.05) in G1, G2 and G3 groups than the positive control group. Microscopy of liver sections, stained with PAS staining, showed minimum glycogen deposition in hepatocytes of positive control group and treated groups as compared to negative control group.
In conclusion, histomorphometric evaluation showed that ZnONPs did not improve tissue micro-architecture of pancreas and kidney, rather deterioration of the parenchyma was observed. However, use of ZnONPs ameliorated the liver histology to some extent.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2706-T] (1).
2.
Influence Of Chicory Root Powder And Zinc Sulfate On Growth Performance, Relative Visceral Weights, And Histomorphology Of Muscles And Bones In Broilers.
by Amber zafar(2015-VA-1054) | Dr.Saima ashraf | Dr. Saima ashraf.
Material type: Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Several feed additives are under investigation for improving the health and performance of broilers in this post-antibiotic era. Phytogenic feed additives like, chicory root powder (CRP)and minerals e.g. ZnSO4 has been extensively studied for this purpose in poultry. Literature indicated their positive influence on performance, mineralization of bone and muscle morphology in broiler. However, little is known regarding their utility in combination particularly with respect to their effect on performance. Therefore, present study was designed to report the individual and combined effects of CRP and ZnSO4 on performance, relative weights of viscera, histomorphometry of bones and muscles in broilers.
150 d-old broilerwerekept in environmentally controlled experimental sheds in, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, UVAS, Lahore. Ethical committee approved the whole procedure and proper techniques and protocols were used to handle the birds. The birds were randomly divided into six groups with five replicates (n=5) in each group. Broilerswere raised according to standard management protocol for 35 days. Group-CONT (control) received corn-based basal diet (BD), Group-2C (BD+2%CRP), Group-4C (BD+4%CRP), Group-Zn60 (ZnSO4 60mg/kg of diet), Group-2C+Zn60 (2%CRP+ZnSO4 60g/kg), Group-4C+Zn60 (4%CRP+ZnSO4 60m/kg).
During the trial, feed intake and mortality of the birds was measured on daily basis whereas body weights were taken on weekly basis. Weekly feed conversion efficiency was calculatedby dividing the feed intake by body weight. Footpads of the birds were observed for any dermatitis or inflammation. On day 35, two birds from each replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered by exsanguination. Skin and viscera of birds were removedmanually. The carcass and the relative weight of visceral organswere measured. The left and right tibia of each bird was detached as drumstick. Right tibial bone was boiled for ten minutes and then cooled down at room temperature. Afterwards flesh on the drumsticks was removed andbone were allowed to air dry at room temperature. Samples of breast (Pectoralis major) and thigh (Biceps femoris) were collected for determination of pH, WHC and histomorphometery. For histological slide preparation breast muscle sample were processed by paraffin embedding technique and stained by Hematoxylin& Eosin. Histomorphometrywas done by using software (ProgRes®2.1.1 Capture Prog Camera Control Software).One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Group differences were compared by the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Difference between groups was considered significant at P < 0.05.
The results revealed that at the end of the experimentgroup 4C+Zn60 had lesser (p<0.05) FI as compared to the other groups. All supplemented groups had increased (p<0.05) BW compared to that of CONT group. Moreover, a lower (p<0.05) FCR was observed in the 4C and 4C+Zn60 groups during 5th week. All the groups scored zero when observed for the footpad lesions and there was no difference in carcass weights of broilers in all the groups. All supplemented groups showed increased (p<0.05) weight of gizzard and thymus than that of the CONT group except group Zn60. Group 2C showed increased (p<0.05) weight of proventriculus compared to all of the groups. The relative weight of small intestine was increased in group 2C and 2C+Zn60. All supplemented groups showed increased (p<0.05) right tibial bone weight and length than that of the CONT group.Diaphyseal diameter, medullary canal diameter and thickness of bony wall were increased (p<0.05)in all supplemented groups except the Zn60 group. W/L index were higher (p<0.05) in all supplemented groups of CRP and ZnSO4 as compared to the CONT group. Cartilage thickness were also increased (p<0.05) in all supplemented groups as compared to the CONT group.The results revealed thatthe group 2Cand 4C showed increased (p<0.05) pH of breast and thigh muscles and increased(p<0.05) water-holding capacity and better meat quality as compared to the other groups. Histological analysis of pectoralis majormuscles revealed increased (p<0.05)muscle fascicle and fiber diameter and cross sectional area in all supplemented groups when compared to the CONT group.Results of muscle fascicles and fibers of the bicepsfemorismuscles showed increased(p<0.05) diameter as compared to the CONT group. There was no significant difference in cross section area of muscle fascicles and fibers of the bicepsfemorisof broilers.
Conclusion
Dietary supplementation of 2% and 4% CRP individually and in combination with 60mg ZnSO4 improved the performance, relative weight of gizzard, proventriculus, thymus and small intestine,meat quality and bone strength of the broilers.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2779-T] (1).
3.
Influence Of Chicory Root Powder And Zinc Sulfate On Growth Performance, Relative Visceral Weights, And Histomorphology Of Muscles And Bones In Broilers.
by Amber zafar(2015-VA-1054) | Dr.Saima ashraf | Dr. Saima ashraf | Dr.Hafsa zaneb | Dr.Habib ur rehman.
Material type: Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Several feed additives are under investigation for improving the health and performance of broilers in this post-antibiotic era. Phytogenic feed additives like, chicory root powder (CRP)and minerals e.g. ZnSO4 has been extensively studied for this purpose in poultry. Literature indicated their positive influence on performance, mineralization of bone and muscle morphology in broiler. However, little is known regarding their utility in combination particularly with respect to their effect on performance. Therefore, present study was designed to report the individual and combined effects of CRP and ZnSO4 on performance, relative weights of viscera, histomorphometry of bones and muscles in broilers.
150 d-old broilerwerekept in environmentally controlled experimental sheds in, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, UVAS, Lahore. Ethical committee approved the whole procedure and proper techniques and protocols were used to handle the birds. The birds were randomly divided into six groups with five replicates (n=5) in each group. Broilerswere raised according to standard management protocol for 35 days. Group-CONT (control) received corn-based basal diet (BD), Group-2C (BD+2%CRP), Group-4C (BD+4%CRP), Group-Zn60 (ZnSO4 60mg/kg of diet), Group-2C+Zn60 (2%CRP+ZnSO4 60g/kg), Group-4C+Zn60 (4%CRP+ZnSO4 60m/kg).
During the trial, feed intake and mortality of the birds was measured on daily basis whereas body weights were taken on weekly basis. Weekly feed conversion efficiency was calculatedby dividing the feed intake by body weight. Footpads of the birds were observed for any dermatitis or inflammation. On day 35, two birds from each replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered by exsanguination. Skin and viscera of birds were removedmanually. The carcass and the relative weight of visceral organswere measured. The left and right tibia of each bird was detached as drumstick. Right tibial bone was boiled for ten minutes and then cooled down at room temperature. Afterwards flesh on the drumsticks was removed andbone were allowed to air dry at room temperature. Samples of breast (Pectoralis major) and thigh (Biceps femoris) were collected for determination of pH, WHC and histomorphometery. For histological slide preparation breast muscle sample were processed by paraffin embedding technique and stained by Hematoxylin& Eosin. Histomorphometrywas done by using software (ProgRes®2.1.1 Capture Prog Camera Control Software).One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Group differences were compared by the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Difference between groups was considered significant at P < 0.05.
The results revealed that at the end of the experimentgroup 4C+Zn60 had lesser (p<0.05) FI as compared to the other groups. All supplemented groups had increased (p<0.05) BW compared to that of CONT group. Moreover, a lower (p<0.05) FCR was observed in the 4C and 4C+Zn60 groups during 5th week. All the groups scored zero when observed for the footpad lesions and there was no difference in carcass weights of broilers in all the groups. All supplemented groups showed increased (p<0.05) weight of gizzard and thymus than that of the CONT group except group Zn60. Group 2C showed increased (p<0.05) weight of proventriculus compared to all of the groups. The relative weight of small intestine was increased in group 2C and 2C+Zn60. All supplemented groups showed increased (p<0.05) right tibial bone weight and length than that of the CONT group.Diaphyseal diameter, medullary canal diameter and thickness of bony wall were increased (p<0.05)in all supplemented groups except the Zn60 group. W/L index were higher (p<0.05) in all supplemented groups of CRP and ZnSO4 as compared to the CONT group. Cartilage thickness were also increased (p<0.05) in all supplemented groups as compared to the CONT group.The results revealed thatthe group 2Cand 4C showed increased (p<0.05) pH of breast and thigh muscles and increased(p<0.05) water-holding capacity and better meat quality as compared to the other groups. Histological analysis of pectoralis majormuscles revealed increased (p<0.05)muscle fascicle and fiber diameter and cross sectional area in all supplemented groups when compared to the CONT group.Results of muscle fascicles and fibers of the bicepsfemorismuscles showed increased(p<0.05) diameter as compared to the CONT group. There was no significant difference in cross section area of muscle fascicles and fibers of the bicepsfemorisof broilers.
Conclusion
Dietary supplementation of 2% and 4% CRP individually and in combination with 60mg ZnSO4 improved the performance, relative weight of gizzard, proventriculus, thymus and small intestine,meat quality and bone strength of the broilers.
Availability: No items available
